海南省新农村文化建设分析与展望

经过多年的努力,海南省在新农村文化建设中取得了骄人的成就,但也存在着基础设施建设滞后、农村干群认识不到位、基层文化队伍建设薄弱等问题。通过深入分析,提出了改变开展新农村文化建设的观念、完善推进新农村文化建设的机制、大力培养新农村文化建设工作队伍等改革措施。     

新形势下中国农业农村信息化发展的挑战与前景

结合2014年中央一号文件,分析了中国农业农村信息化建设面临的重要挑战,剖析了可持续发展、粮食安全、农业生产经营模式、城乡一体化、乡村治理等重点问题,指出未来中国农业农村信息化的研究和工作重点,并在此基础上提出未来加快中国农业农村信息化建设的对策。     

烟台四十里湾浅海养殖生物及附着生物的化学组成、有机净生产量及其生态效应

对四十里湾养殖海区一些双壳贝类和藻类收获时的化学组成和有机净生产量进行了分析，不同双壳贝类软体有机碳含量差别不大，而N含量差异较大，栉孔扇贝软体N含量最高（12．36％），而牡蛎，毛坩相对较低（8％－9％），贻贝和菲律宾蛤仔贝壳N含量最高，为0．55％和0．56％，而栉孔扇贝壳则较低（0．1％），且贝壳，C，N，P在扇贝C，N，P总含量中所占的比例分别为6．2％，7．5％和6．9％，海带和石莼元素组成说明海区营养元素N的不足，海带的不同部位N含量差别很大，且在不同海区有较大变化，贻贝贝壳C，H，N和P含量在整个贻贝中占有相对大的比例，分别为30．4％，30．2％，31．8％，29．6％，菲律宾蛤仔，长牡蛎和中国蛤蜊等贝类贝壳中这些元素的相对含量也较高，布扇贝贝壳却较低，四十里湾海区每年因贝类和藻类的养殖，海区将至少减少850tN和78tP，其中贝壳的营养损失占据着相当比例，在海水交换受到一定限制，营养不很丰富，海区，养殖生物收获本身也会对海区的营养状况产生影响，根据贝壳N，P的含量，笔者认为在营养不很丰富的沿岸海区，贻贝，牡蛎最好不养或尽可能少养。     

New invasive predator reduces the abundance of native prey in a cold-temperate marine fouling community

1. Invasive species threaten the conservation of marine environments, and urgent management strategies are needed to prevent their introduction, establishment and spread. Specifically, marine invasive predators destabilize ecological interactions and alter community structure and function. However, most of the evidence showing the effect of these predators is restricted to a few species and regions, while for others the information remains scarce.
2. This study experimentally evaluated the ecological effects of the sea slug Pleurobranchaea maculata, a recently introduced invasive predator, on the fouling communities of a cold-temperate port in the South-western Atlantic.
3. The results show that increasing predation pressure reduces significantly the abundance of sea anemones, which are among the preferred prey items.
4. This study reveals new evidence to help better understand the effects of P. maculata on the biological communities of a recently invaded region. Furthermore, it provides the first experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that marine invasive predators can induce a significant decrease in the abundance of native species in benthic communities of cold-temperate marine environments in the South-western Atlantic.

     

Using ecological trajectories to track long-term taxonomic and functional changes in benthic shallow soft-bottom communities (Bay of Saint-Brieuc,English Channel)

1. Taxonomic and functional trajectories of benthic assemblages were studied in shallow soft-bottom sediments in the bay of Saint-Brieuc (Western English Channel). Changes were assessed at different spatial and temporal scales using a macrobenthic dataset based on 38 stations sampled in 1987 and 2019, coupled with data from one station sampled annually between 2005 and 2019 as part of the European Water Framework Directive monitoring programme.
2. Taxonomic trajectories indicated 1) changes in the structure and distribution of benthic assemblages, 2) an homogenization of the assemblages, and 3) significant functional shifts.
3. Fishing activities and nutrient enrichment are probably strong drivers of the observed changes, as suggested by the higher mortality rate of fragile, flexible, tubiculous and burrowing species, and the increase in the abundance of opportunistic species in the assemblages. Certain populations of macroinvertebrates seem jointly controlled by climate change and by the aforementioned local factors of disturbance.
4. The Community Trajectory Analysis framework appears as a new and interesting method to track ecological changes in marine ecosystems by measuring change with respect to a baseline state, to help define ecological recovery (station returning to the initial ecological state) and departure (station presenting increased changes over time), and to analyse trajectory similarity.
5. According to the degradation of habitat over time, we identify the need for the implementation of knowledge-based conservation strategies, especially within Natura 2000 sites.

     

Ecosystem‐based fisheries management: A perspective on the critique and development of the concept

The concept of ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) has been subjected to debate since it was introduced in the late 1990s. The development of the concept seems to follow two separate but simultaneous trajectories of increased popularity but also sustained critique. This paper offers an analysis of potential mechanisms behind these disparate trajectories by drawing on a theoretical framework from science and technology studies (STS) centred around "black box" and actor‐network theory. To support our analysis, we perform an exploratory literature review of how the EBFM concept has been used in a selection of high impact fisheries research papers. We find that the popularity of EBFM does not guarantee its integrity, usefulness or analytical insight, but also that persistent critique of how the concept is used seems to be driving some change. We think that a continued trajectory of increased understanding, contextualization and discernibility of EBFM can help overcome the considerable ambiguity associated with the concept and make it increasingly useful to fisheries management. This means moving away from routine use of the term towards a practicable and tangible approach to improve fisheries sustainability.     

农业院校图书馆网站建设的探讨

对我国25所农业高校图书馆网站的主页元素、内容元素和编程技术等进行比较,分析了存在的缺陷和问题。针对农业高校图书馆网站建设的原则和内容,提出了网站建设的目标定位等原则,建议优化主页设计、丰富信息资源、规范学科导航、提升服务功能、适度设置链接、适时维护更新和应用现代技术手段,并对主页与标识、栏目与层次等提出了具体的建议。     

城市信息化建设软环境因素分析

城市信息化是中国城市发展的新主题与新动力,是解决目前我国城市发展中诸多难题的重要途径。城市信息化建设过程中会受到多个因素的影响,其中信息化建设规划、信息人才的培养、市民信息素养的提高以及信息政策、法规和标准的制定等都是直接影响城市信息化建设水平和质量的重要因素。     

基于Wi-Fi网络环境下的高职院校图书馆信息资源建设

Wi-Fi网络环境下高职院校图书馆,要更好的履行其职责并发挥好知识导航和信息服务的功能,需实现信息资源建设从传统环境到网络环境的转变,并积极探索Wi-Fi网络环境下高职院校图书馆信息资源建设模式。     

奶牛分子育种专题学习网站的建设构想

阐述了建设奶牛分子育种专题学习网站的意义和构想,规划了网站的主要内容和发展方向,为相关专业的研究者和从业人员提供参考。